Table of Contents

2005
 

Volume Ten, Number Two

Symposium on Civilian-Military Relations

Robert S. Kravchuk, Editor

1. Introduction
   Jason Dempsey, Jay M. Parker, and Thomas Sherlock

2. Civil-Military Relations Theory and Military Effectiveness
   Suzanne C. Nielsen

   The development of theory to guide the study of civil-military relations has focused heavily on the issue of civilian control.  In some contexts, this may not be the most important aspect of civil-military relationships.  After reviewing extant literature on civil-military relations, this article concludes by arguing that the impact that civil-military relations can have on military effectiveness deserves a closer look.

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3. Defense Policy and Doctrinal Insulation
   Charles R. Miller

   The U.S. Army changed its core battle-fighting doctrine in response to external and internal pressures throughout the 20^th Century. Exogenous, material pressures found under the balance of power approach explain a great deal of doctrinal change, particularly through the first half of the Cold War, but these pressures alone were not enough to prevent typical organizational autonomy characteristics from surfacing towards the end of the Cold War due to an inability of the organization to respond to an enlargement of its scope of responsibilities.  Thus, while Army decision-makers were cognizant of systemic cues when they modified their doctrine, eventually doctrinal change became a means of insulating the Army from the uncertainties found in fluctuating defense policies. 

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4. The Military and Homeland Security
   Risa A. Brooks

   Since September 11, American citizens have witnessed an expansion of the participation of the U.S. military in domestic security (e.g., civil infrastructure protection, defenses against WMD attack). Currently much of this activity remains limited to activities only indirectly related to the monitoring, investigation and apprehension of individuals and groups with suspected terrorist ties. However, in the event of a new, large-scale attack (or fear of one) politicians may be tempted to accept an even greater role for the U.S. military in antiterrorism efforts--efforts that border on “police work.” This essay argues against permitting an expanded role on three grounds: military and police work are fundamentally different activities, which require different training and mindsets; expanding roles in internal security could politicize the officer corps and undermine the fundamental premises of U.S. civil-military relations; allowing the military an active role in domestic security challenges important, historically grounded societal and cultural values.

5. The Politics of Peace:  The Challenge of Civil-Military Cooperation in Somalia
   John M. George

   Despite considerable recent experience and attention, effective civil-military cooperation in peace operations remains elusive.  This paper explores the US Armed Forces’ approach to relationships with civilian relief organizations including UN agencies, US government agencies, and NGOs.  It derives several hypotheses from organizational theory and tests them in a case study of the planning and execution of peace operations in Somalia from August 1992-May 1993.  In this case, the military’s organizational interest in reducing uncertainty best explains the generally uncooperative way in which civil-military relationships developed in Somalia.  This conclusion implies that policy makers in current and future peace operations may need to press the military to be more proactive and persistent in cooperating with civilian relief organizations.

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6. Transformation at Last?  Achieving Radical Military Reform in the Czech Republic and Slovakia
   Marybeth Peterson Ulrich

    

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